A deal to recruit 200 nurses and doctors from India has been welcomed, but a union estimates Wales is currently short of 2,000 nurses.
Welsh Health Secretary Jeremy Miles said an agreement with the Keralan government would reduce vacancies and the use of agency staff.
The Royal College of Nursing (RCN) said the Welsh government needed to look at "valuing the nursing profession".
It also warned of the potential impact of the proposed closure of the nursing school at Cardiff University.
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